Greek National Identity and the Greek Education System in the Age of Austerity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52634/mier/2016/v6/i1/1451Keywords:
Greek National Identity, Age of Austerity, Ethnocentric, Education System.Abstract
This paper critically reviews discourses of Greek national identity and the role of the Greek education system first in a historical perspective and then in the current climate of economic crisis in Greece. It also discusses the reason why teachers and schools are key to tackling growing discriminatory social attitudes. The preceding nationalistic discourse and the historical forms of nationhood and education in Greece might help us unravel the difficulties Greek national identity faces in the current era of economic and humanitarian crisis and uncertainty with regard to the European Union project, its evolution, its struggles, the nature of its challenges and tensions, and the empowerment of its ethnocentric and racist sentiment.
Downloads
Metrics
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Maria Chalari, Thomas Georgas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The articles published in the MIER Journal of Educational Studies, Trends and Practics (MJESTP) are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
- Copyright on any open access article in the MIER Journal of Educational Studies, Trends and Practics (MJESTP) published by Model Institute of Education and Research (MIER) is retained by the author(s).
- Author(s) grant MIER a license to publish the article and identify himself/herself/themselves as the original publisher.
- Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
- The Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles.
References
Amnesty International. (2012). Amnesty International Report 2012. The State Of The World's Human Rights. Retrieved from http://files.amnesty.org /air12/air_2012_full_en.pdf.
Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at large. Cultural dimensions of globalization. Mineapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Avdela, E. (2000). The teaching of history in Greece. Journal of Modern Greek Studies, 18 (2), 239-253.
Avdela, E. (1998). History and schoo. Athens: Nisos.
Beck, U. (2005). Re-Inventing Europe: A Cosmopolitan Vision. Quaderns de la Mediterrania. Retrieved from http://www.iemed.org/publicacions / quaderns/ 10/q10_ 109pdf.
Bigelow, B. (2006). Getting to the heart of quality teaching. Rethinking Schools, 20 (2), 6-8.
Christodoulakis, N., Leventi, C., Matsaganis, M., & Monastiriotis, V. (2011). The Greek crisis in focus: austerity, recession and paths to recovery. GreeSE, Special Issue. Hellenic Observatory, London, UK.
Christodoulou, E. (2010). Greek Politics and Passion(S): Reconstituting National Identity in the Midst of Financial Crisis. GPSG Working Paper #10 Retrieved from http://www.gpsg.org.uk/wpcontent/uploads/2011/12/Working_Paper_10.pdf [last accessed 4 April 2013)].
Chrysoloras, N. (2004). Religion and Nationalism in Greece, Second Pan-European Conference, Standing Group on EU Politics. Bologna, 24-26 June 2004.
Retrieved from http://www.jhubc.it/ecpr-bologna/docs/123.pdf . Coulby, D. (2000). Beyond the national curriculum. Curricular centralism and cultural diversity in Europe and the USA, London: Routledge Falmer.
Coulby, D., & Jones, C. (1995). Postmodernity and European education systems. Cultural diversity and centralist knowledge. London: Tretham Books.
Council of Europe. (1996). The role of history in the formation of national identity. York, UK, 18-24 September 1995, DECS/SE/BS/Sem (95) 15, Strasbourg.
Darling-Hammond, L., & Berry, B. (1988). The evolution of teacher policy. Santa Monica: The RAND Corporation.
Dimitrakopoulos, D. G., & Passas, A. G. (2004). Greece in the European union. London: Routlege.
Down, B., & Smyth, J. (Eds) (2012). Critical voices in teacher education: Teaching for social justice in conservatives times. Australia: Springer.
Doxiadis, A. (2011). Please Stop Patronizing Us Greeks. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/jun/22/greeks-economists-eu.
ELSTAT, (2014). Hellenic Statistical Authority. Retrieved from http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE .
EU-MIDIS. (2011). European Union Minorities and Discrimination. Retrieved from http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2011/eu-midis-datafocusreport-5-multiple-discrimination.
Eurobarometer. (2012). Discrimination in the European Union: Perceptions, Experiences and Attitudes.Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu /justice/newsroom/ discrimination/news/ 121122_en.htm.
Eurydice. (2010). National System Overviews on Education Systems in Europe and Ongoing Reforms. European commission. Retrieved from http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/documents/ eurybase/national_summary_sheets/047_EL_EN.pdf.
Flouris, G. (1998). Human rights curricula in the formation of a European identity: The cases of Greece and France. European Journal of Intercultural studies, 9(1), 93-109.
Flouris, G. (1995). The image of Europe in the curriculum of the Greek elementary school. In Bell, G. (Ed.), Educating European Citizens: Citizenship Values and the European Dimension, London: David Fulton.
Fragoudaki, A., & Dragona, T. (Eds) (1997). What is our country? Ethnocentrism in education. Athens: Alexandria, (in Greek).
Fraser, C., Kennedy, A., Reid, L., & Mckinney, S. (2007). Teachers continuing professional development: Contested concepts, understandings and models. Journal of In-Service Education, 33(2), 153-169.
Fukuyama, F. (2006). Identity, immigration & democracy. Journal of Democracy, 17(2), 5-20.
Fullan, M. (2001). The new meaning of educational change. New York: Teachers College Press.
Giroux, H. (2004). The terror of neoliberalism: Authoritarianism and the eclipse of democracy. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.
Goalen, P. (1997). History and national identity in the classroom. History Today
Goodings, R. (1987). Becoming British: Inconspicuous Education for National Identity. In Gumbert, E. (1987). In the nation's Image: civic education in Japan, Soviet Union, the United States, France and Britain, United States of America: Centre for Cross-Cultural education.
Goodson, I. (2000). Professional Knowledge and the Teacher's Life and Work.
In Day, C., Fernandez, A., Hauge, T. & Moller, J., (Eds), The Life and Work of Teachers. International Perspectives in Changing Times. London: Falmer Press.
Green, A. (1997). Education, Globalization and the nation state. London: The Macmillan Press.
Grovenor, I. (1999). There's no place like home: education and the making of national identity. History of Education, 28(3), 235-250.
Halpin, D., & Moore, A. (2006). Educational professionalism in an age of uncertainty: The emergence of eclectic & pragmatic teacher identities. Hitotsubashi Journal of Social Studies, 38(2), 118-140.
Hamilakis, Y. (2003). Learn History! Antiquity, National Narrative, and History in Greek Educational textbooks'. In Brown, K. S. & Hamilakis, Y. (Eds), The usable past: Greek Metahistories, United States of America: Lexington Books.
Held, D. (2005). Principles of cosmopolitan order. In Brock, G. & Brighouse, H. (Eds), The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Human Rights Watch. (2013). Human Rights in Greece. Retrieved from http://www.hrw.org/europecentral-asia/greece.
International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. (2011). International Civic and Citizenship Education Study - ICCS 2009. Retrieved from http://www.iea.nl/icces.html#c909.
Johnson, M., & Hallgarten, J. (2002). The future of the teaching profession. In Johnson, M. & Hallgarten, J. (Eds), From Victims of Change to Agents of Change: The future of the teaching profession. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
Kenway, J., & Bullen, E. (2000). Education in the age of uncertainty: An eagle's eye-view. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 30(3), 265-273.
Kiwan, D. (2008). Education for inclusive citizenship. London and New York: Routledge.
Levin, B. (2012). Governments and Education reform: some lessons from the last 50 years. In Ball, S. J., Maguire, M. & Goodson, I. F. (Eds), Education, Capitalism and the Global Crisis. London: Routlege.
Lipset, S. M. (1960). Political man: The social bases of politics. London: The Heinemann Group of Publishers.
Lynch, J. P., & Simon, R. J. (2003). Immigration the world over. United States of America: Powman & Littlefield Publishers.
Massialas, B. G., & Flouris, G. (1994). Education and the emerging concept of national identity in Greece. Paper presented at the Comparative and International Education Society, San Diego: Calif. March 21-24 1994.
McKinnon, C. (2005). Cosmopolitan hope. In Brock, G. & Brighouse, H. (Eds), The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism, Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Mouffe, C. (1995). Politics, democratic action, and solidarity. Inquiry, 38(1-2), 99-108.
Myrogiannis, E. (2010). The Emergence of a Greek Identity (1700-1821). University of Cambridge. PQDT - UK & Ireland. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/899756402?accountid=2711 5.
Pappas, T. S. (2010). The Causes of the Greek Crisis are in Greek politics, OpenEconomy- Open-minded economics. Retrieved from
http://www.opendemocracy.net/openeconomy/takis-spappas/ causes-of-greek-crisis-are-in-greek-politicst fiscal crisis.
Paraskevopoulos, I., & Morgan, W. J. (2011). Greek Education and the Financial Crisis. Grundfragen und Trends| International. Retrieved from http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/education/documents/research/ unesco/1/greekeducationandthefinancialcrisi.pdf.
Pickering, WSF. (Ed.) (2006). Emile Durkheim: Selected writings on education, Oxon: Routledge.
Romanias, G. (2009). The consequences of the crisis and the development of the unemployment in our country. Newspaper: Vima, pg. 25 (in Greek).
Rozakis, C. L. (2001). Nationality Law in Greece. In Hansen, R. & Weil, P. (Eds), Towards a European Nationality, Citizenship, Immigration and Nationality Law in the EU, New York: Palgrave.
Sachs, J. (2001). Teacher professional identity: competing discourses, competing outcomes. Journal of Education Policy, 16(2), 149-161.
Sachs, J. (2000). Rethinking the Practice of Teacher Professionalism. In Day, C., Fernandez, A., Hauge, T. & Moller, J. (Eds), The Life and Work of Teachers. International Perspectives in Changing Times. London: Falmer Press.
Stamelos, G. (2000). Preface. In De Queiroz J. M., The School and its Sociologies, Athens: Gutenberg, (in Greek).
Steiner, M. (1994). Developing the Global Teacher. Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham Books.
Stratoudaki, C. (2008). Studies for the immigrants in Greece. Working papers 2008/20, Athens: National Center for Social Research, (in Greek).
Skopetea, E. (1988). The standard kingdom and the great idea: Aspects of the national problem in Greece. Athens: Politypo (in Greek).
Tan, K. (2005). The demands of justice and national allegiances. In Brock, G. & Brighouse, H. (Eds). The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Triantafyllidou, A. (2010). National identity and the 'other'. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 21(4), 593-612.
Tsoukalas, K. (1982). Dependence and Reproduction. The social role of the education system in Greece (1830-1922), Athens: Themelio, (in Greek).
van Driel, J., Beijaard, D., & Verloop, N. (2001). Professional development and reform in science education: the role of teachers' practical knowledge. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 38(2), 137-158.
Vayanos, D., Meghir, C., & Vettas, N. (2010). The Economic Crisis in Greece: A Time of Reform and Opportunity. Retrieved from http://greekeconomistsforreform.com/public-finance/theeconomiccrisis-in-greece-a-time-of-reform-and-opportunity-2/.
Whitty, G. (2002). Re-forming teacher professionalism for new times. In Making Sense of Education Policy. London: Paul Chapman.
Wiborg, S. (2000). Political and cultural nationalism in education. The ideas of Rousseau and Herder concerning national education. Comparative Education, 36(2), 235-243.
Zambeta, E. (2000). Religion and national identity in Greek education. Intercultural Education, 11(2), 145-156.
